Detailed operation of spring machine
1. The basic structure and working principle of the spring machine:
The spring coiling machine can be divided into five parts: straightening mechanism, feeding mechanism, reducing mechanism, pitch control mechanism, and cutting mechanism.
1. Straightening organization:
The position of the straightening mechanism is between the material rack and the feeding roller. It consists of two sets of straightening rollers. The purpose of the straightening system is to eliminate the original bending deformation of the steel wire. After straightening, it can enter the forming machine straight. , In order to improve the accuracy of the coil spring.
2. Feeding mechanism:
The feeding mechanism is a device that relies on a pair or two pairs of feeding wheels to compress the steel wire, and the rotation of the feeding wheel drives the steel wire to move forward in a straight line. The gears on the feeding wheel shaft are driven by sector-shaped incomplete gears. The rotation speed of the upper and lower rollers is the same, but the rotation direction is opposite. The feeding wheel rotates once, and the feeding length is the circumference of the feeding wheel. The expansion length of the spring can be determined by the number of rotations of the feeding wheel. The number of teeth of the sector-shaped incomplete gear is the number of rotations of the control feeding wheel (refer to the coefficient table for details).
3. Reducing mechanism:
The diameter reducing mechanism refers to the control mechanism of the outer diameter of the spring when the spring is wound. It is composed of two ejector rods and a reducing cam that drives the ejector rod.
When producing cylindrical springs, the spring wire does not change. Adjust the two ejector rods to the corresponding position to meet the outer diameter of the spring, and then fix the position of the two ejector rods.
When producing variable diameter springs, the two bolts before and after the center convex, truncated cone spring, and the upper ejector bar are loosened, allowing the ejector rod to expand and contract back and forth in the tool holder to change the outer diameter of the spring. The ejector rod is driven by the variable diameter cam to achieve The purpose of producing various reducing springs.
4. Pitch change mechanism:
The pitch changing mechanism is a mechanism that controls the pitch of the spring. This machine has 2 mechanisms:
(1) It consists of a pitch knife and a variable pitch cam. The variable cam is to control the effective number of turns of the spring, and the bolt under the pitch knife adjusts the height of the spring;
(2) The connecting rod is driven by the cam to push the pitch knife out of the machine to better estimate the large pitch spring.
5. Cut off mechanism:
The cutting mechanism is after winding and forming, cutting the wire is the last processing action of the spring falling, and the cutting is completed by the knife and the core.
2. Use and maintenance of spring coiling machine:
1. The adjustment of the spring machine can be divided into the individual adjustment of each mechanism and the overall adjustment that links each mechanism together. When adjusting the spring coiling machine, the required tools should be correctly selected and installed, such as wires, feeding rollers, various Cam, mandrel, cutter, ejector, etc., and then adjust item by item according to process requirements. The individual adjustments are as follows:
(1) Adjustment of spring outer warp:
It is mainly to adjust the outer warp mechanism. When the cylindrical spring is rolled, the ejector rod is fixed up and down or rotated to a proper position. It only needs to adjust the inside or outside of the ejector rod, so there is no need to install a reducing cam, and the adjustment is relatively simple. When rolling conical springs and convex springs, a reducing cam must be installed.
The conical spring starts from the small diameter end to the large diameter end. The operating process of the reducing cam is from the highest point to the low point, which is to make the ejector rod continuously retreat, forming a small diameter circle to a large diameter circle. After the feeding process is finished and cut off , The ejector rod returns to the position of the small head and starts a new cycle.
A. Sharpening of the mandrel:
In the double ejector spring coiling machine, the core shaft only serves as the cutting edge of the spring, so it is sometimes called the core knife, and its sharpening is relatively simple. The outer warp of the mandrel should be smaller than the inner diameter of the spring, but not too small, otherwise the spring will collapse when it is cut off. At the same time, the gap between the cutter and the mandrel cannot be too large.
B. Adjustment of ejector rod:
The mandrel is the diameter of the control spring. When the upper mandrel moves in the direction of the mandrel, the diameter of the spring becomes smaller, and vice versa, the diameter of the lower mandrel moves to the mandrel becomes larger, and vice versa.
(2) Adjustment of feeding length and total number of turns:
The feeding length depends on the number of teeth of the selected gear. For the spring coiling machine with incomplete gear feeding, the number of teeth of the incomplete gear is controlled and the length of the spring is expanded.
The number of teeth of the gear (Z) = the unfolded length of the spring (mm) / feeding coefficient
The unfolded length of the spring (L) = (spring outer warp-wire diameter) × ∏ × total number of turns.
After getting the gear of the required gear, install the flange (note that the gap position of the gear is left in the working position of the cutter) to get the required total number of turns.
(3) Adjustment of free height, pitch and effective number of turns:
There are two types of spring length adjustment: inner push and outer pitch: inner push is to adjust the straight rod pushed inside to drive the thimble to push open the spring, thereby opening the pitch of the spring. It is also through the change of the unequal height cam through the lever The principle is to push the straight rod to open the pitch. The length of the rod can be adjusted by the screw under the jumper driven by the cam; the outer pitch is driven by the cam to drive the pitch knife, and the ejector spring opens the spring.
The free height and pitch are adjusted by adjusting bolts under the pitch knife. When the adjusting screw is downward, the height becomes shorter and the pitch becomes smaller. On the contrary, it is longer, the pitch becomes larger, and the effective number of turns is adjusted by the variable-pitch cam. The larger the working surface of the cam is, the more effective turns increase, and vice versa.
(4) Adjustment of the tension between the supporting rings:
When rolling a compression spring, it is required that both ends are tight, and there is a certain requirement for the tightness length, otherwise it will affect the working characteristics of the spring, and a certain tightening force is required for the tight part to prevent end gaps. When rolling a tension spring with initial tension, it is also required that each coil is not allowed to have gaps. In the above two cases, it is necessary to adjust the tightening force of the looping part.
When debugging and tightening the spring coiling machine of this series, first check whether the wire is in a straight line and let the steel wire pass smoothly, and then adjust the angle of the ejector rod, the upper ejector rod rotates inward and the tightening force increases, otherwise there is a gap. But the tightening force should not be too large, so as not to increase the diameter when it touches the wire plate.
(5) Adjustment of cutting mechanism:
The cutting mechanism is that the cutter adopts a vertical cutting method to work with the core at the same time to complete the cut spring product. The gap between the cutter and the cutting plane of the mandrel should be 0.05mm-0.1mm. If the gap is too large, cutting burrs will occur. The cutting plane should pass through the spring. The center of the ring, otherwise the end ring will be deformed when it is cut, or the size of the yellow center will be unstable. When rolling a high-wound-ratio spring, the size of the mandrel can be enlarged, allowing the spring to be supported at the same time.
2. The selection and reasonable use of junk work:
The tooling of spring machine mainly includes feeding roller, guide plate, ejector rod, cam, mandrel, cutter, pitch knife, incomplete gear, etc. Whether the tooling selection is reasonable or not will directly affect the quality of the roll.
Precautions:
1. Whether the steering of the motor is consistent with the steering of the machine sprocket.
2. The first tooth of the incomplete gear is half a tooth lower than the second tooth as a transition tooth, otherwise it will touch the tooth.
3. Before turning on the machine, the handwheel must be turned to check whether the operation is normal.