1、 Hardware stamping parts processing industry is low in specialization, can not form a scale, and has poor economic benefits
Compared with the main engine, hardware stamping parts need less investment to establish initial capital technology. After several times of national economic development, a number of private production enterprises have sprung up, but due to the large number of market demand points and small batch, they can not form an economic scale. Most hardware manufacturing enterprises are large and complete or small and complete, with low specialization, low equipment level, unstable quality and low economic benefit.
For example, the annual output of three large-scale backbone enterprises in China’s motor industry is less than 50% of that of a famous foreign company. In recent two years, thousands of stamping parts factories have been built in some parts of China, but only a few of them can produce more than 300000 pieces per year. The main products are agricultural machinery. The annual output of Rexroth in Germany is 1.3 million pieces, and that of Japan Youyan (Zhuzhou) is more than 600000 pieces. The per capita output value of die and mould enterprises in developed countries is about 150000-200000 US dollars, while that in China is only 40000-50000 yuan. Luo Baihui pointed out that in recent years, with the implementation of the policy of joint development of various ownership systems, the hardware industry is experiencing a process from decentralization to gradually intensive development.
2、 The fund investment of metal stamping parts is insufficient, and the strength of scientific research and development is weak
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a number of foreign advanced technologies were introduced into various hardware and software industries, but there was insufficient investment in software and hardware for digestion and absorption. According to foreign experience, the proportion of capital needed for technology introduction and digestion and absorption is about 1:7, while in China, the understanding of this is relatively late and the pace of digestion and absorption is slow. Market competition is actually a contest of technical strength.
Foreign countries attach great importance to this, increase investment one after another, occupy the technical commanding height. The funds used by famous companies for scientific research and development account for 4% – 5% of their sales volume, and 10% of their key fields. At present, although there are many colleges and universities engaged in scientific research in China, and many theoretical research, scientific research achievements and patent papers are quite high level, they are not closely combined with the actual production, especially the speed of transforming them into commodities is slow.
3、 Hardware processing raw materials and related technology is backward
Due to the poor quality of domestic steel used in fasteners, chains, springs, bearings, dies and other products, the quality of stamping products is directly affected. Mechanical basic parts are generally produced in batches and in large quantities. There are also many kinds of products with high processing accuracy requirements. Therefore, the production technology and equipment are required to be high and the investment is large.
In foreign countries, high-efficiency and high-precision special machines, production lines or flexible lines are used to realize high-efficiency automatic production. However, some stamping parts factories and enterprises of basic parts in our country are limited by funds, and their investment is not strong. The whole hardware enterprises have poor self-improvement ability, few advanced equipment and no matching, which affect the quality and grade of products.