(1) Spring blackening process
Alkaline chemical oxidation treatment to blacken is to put the processed qualified spring into a concentrated alkali solution and heat it to obtain a thin and dense oxide film on the surface of the spring, which has an anti-corrosion effect.
In the heated solution of the spring, iron ions (ferrous compounds) are produced due to the alkali corrosion on the surface of the spring. The addition of oxidizing agent-sodium nitrite in the alkali can change the oxidation process and form a dense oxide film on the surface of the spring (4 Ferric oxide). This oxide film is mainly composed of magnetic iron oxide, and the generation time of the oxide film is 30-60 minutes. If the time is extended, the thickness of the oxide film cannot be increased.
crafting process:
Degreasing——(Removing Copper)——→Pickling——→Cleaning——→Oxidation (or Secondary Oxidation)——→Cleaning——→Hot Water Cleaning——→Saponification——→Change Oil in Water Soaking Film Device ——→Warehousing.
Requirements for each process
No. Name Formula and Technical Requirements Remarks
1 Degreasing 1. Chemical degreasing NaoH100～150g/L+Na2CO320-27g/L heated to boiling point, add a small amount of waste acid and iron to the drum
2. Wash the oil with gasoline or diesel.
3. Use sandblasting or shot blasting to remove oil and rust
4. The quenched and tempered spring can be used to remove oil and rust from a rolling barrel
Second, for copper removal, 250～300 g/l of chromic acid + 80～100 g/l of ammonium sulfate can be omitted when there is no copper.
Soak in water for 1 to 2 minutes, then rinse in clean water
3. Pickling Use 30% industrial hydrochloric acid to soak for 1 to 2 minutes to remove oil and rust. The pickling time should not be too long
Four cleaning After cleaning, neutralize in the weak alkali tank to prevent acid from being carried into the oxidation tank
Five oxidation Sodium hydroxide 650～700 g/L + sodium nitrite 100～150 g/L, heating to 140～144℃, keeping for 30～60 minutes NaoH: NaNO2=5～8:1
Six cleaning, rinse in running water after oxidation
Seven hot water cleaning Hot water 90～100℃, cleaning for 1～2 minutes
8. Saponification 10～20% industrial soap flakes or triethyl oleic acid soap, heating at 50～60℃ for 1～2 minutes, the temperature should not be too high
Ten oiling, MS-1 water film replacement anti-rust oil
November Inbound
(2) Blackening process operating procedures
(Ⅰ) Turn on the power supply after work every day to heat the tank liquid to boiling point, and remove the iron oxide (precipitate) in the tank;
(Ⅱ) After removing the sediment, add about 0.5kg of yellow blood salt (potassium ferrocyanide);
(Ⅲ) Add a certain amount of sodium nitrite according to the technical requirements of the blackening process (in accordance with 5-8:1);
(Ⅳ) Use a thermometer to measure the humidity of the blackened bath liquid to ensure that the bath temperature is 140～144℃. If the temperature is too high, add water and control the heating power supply;
(Ⅴ) Before turning black, the spring must be fully pickled and cleaned, and the tension spring must be framed vertically for easy cleaning;
(VI) When it turns black, the technical requirements must be strictly implemented, the oil residue on the liquid level must be removed in time, and the tank liquid must be refilled in time;
(Ⅶ) After blackening, the spring must be spray-washed with high-pressure water and washed with boiling water, and the saponification temperature should be controlled at 50～60℃;
(Ⅷ) The spring is framed and put into storage after draining excess oil. The iron frame with the spring down must be sprayed with high-pressure water before being reused.
(Ⅸ) When leaving get off work, add a certain amount of sodium hydroxide (in accordance with 5-8:1) into the oxidation tank and turn off the power. Clean up and clean the work site to keep the site tidy;
Matters needing attention in the operation of blackening process
(I) If yellow frost is found on the oxidized workpiece, it indicates that the bath temperature is too high and the moisture is too little.
(Ⅱ) The oxidized workpiece is not black, but gray, because the bath temperature is too low or sodium nitrite is lacking.
(Ⅲ) Sodium hydroxide should be added if the boiling point of the oxidation tank is below 140℃.
(IV) The saponification tank should always be replenished with soap flakes or triethyl oleic acid soap to maintain a certain concentration.
(Ⅴ) The oxide film of silicon-containing steel is allowed to be brown or brown-black;
(Ⅵ) The self-checking of the quality of blackening of the workpiece should be carried out before the spring oiling process. The 2% copper sulfate solution immersion method for 30 seconds is qualified without copper precipitation.
3% copper sulfate spot test. Put a drop of copper sulfate or 2% copper sulfate on the workpiece for corrosion test. The workpiece is completely immersed in the copper sulfate solution. After 30 seconds, the oxide film does not change color by naked eye observation. Both the spot test and the erosion test are carried out before the workpiece is oiled, and the finished product should be sampled with wine to remove the oil stains. The blackened and oxidized workpiece will not rust within one year under normal storage.
2. Phosphating treatment of spring
Phosphating is a process to prevent springs from corroding during transportation and use. Phosphated springs have corrosion resistance in the air, animal and vegetable mineral oil, and organic solvents such as toluene. The spring is suitable for zinc phosphate treatment to avoid hydrogen embrittlement. The phosphating film is thicker than the oxide film, generally 5-10 microns. Generally, phosphating has better corrosion resistance than oxidation. In particular, the phosphating treatment is suitable for the front process of the spring protection frame.
(1) Spring phosphating process cold water and hot water
(1) Remove oil and rust-remove copper-cleaning-phosphating-cleaning-passivation-cleaning-saponification-immersion film replacement oil-storage
Phosphating process
Serial Number Name Technical Requirements Remarks
1. Oil removal 1. Shot blasting or sand blasting to remove oil, rust and oxide scale for quenching and tempering springs
2. Gasoline washing, phosphating after drying (can be washed two or three times) Mainly used for thin springs
3. Chemical degreasing NaoH100～150g/L 20～70%Na2CO2 heated to 100℃
4. Rolling barrel to remove oil and rust, used for tension spring
Second, copper removal 250～300g/l of chromic acid, 80～100g/l of ammonium sulfate, add water, this process can be omitted when there is no copper
Three cleaning tap water rinse to remove acid
4. Phosphating Manganese iron phosphate 30～35g/l, zinc nitrate 55～75g/l, temperature 70～80℃, hold for 10～15 minutes, total acidity 48～60, free acid 2.5～6.7 sulfate ≦0.5
Five cleaning tap water rinse
Six Passivation Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O2) 80～100g/L 90～100℃
Seven cleaning tap water rinse
8. Washing with hot water at 90～100℃ for 1～2 minutes
9. Saponification 10～20g/L industrial soap flakes or triethyl oleic acid soap 50～70℃ 1～2 minutes
Ten oiling, water immersion film volume, oil change
Eleven storage
(2) Operating procedures and precautions for spring phosphorus process
(I) The surface condition of the spring to be phosphated should be strictly checked before going to work every day, and it is required to be clean and bright. No oil, dirt, rust, copper plating, etc. are allowed.
(Ⅱ) Open the phosphating tank, passivation tank, and hot water tank. The saponification tank heating power source ensures that the phosphating tank liquid is at 70-80°C, the passivation tank is 90-100°C, the hot water tank is 90-100°C, and the soap tablet tank is 50-70°C.
(Ⅲ) The material frame used before phosphating is fully spray-washed and then loaded with springs. The polyester-cotton gloves must be cleaned during frame mounting. There should be no large area or line contact between the springs.
(IV) Strictly implement the phosphating process requirements during phosphating, and keep the temperature for 10-15 minutes.
(Ⅴ) After phosphating, the spring should be fully rinsed with tap water.
(VI) The spring is kept warm in the passivation tank for about 1 to 2 minutes. After passivation, it needs to be fully sprayed with tap water.
(Ⅶ) Put the spring into the hot water tank for cleaning for 1 to 2 minutes, then put it in the saponification tank for 1 to 2 minutes, and then send it to the coating place or oiling and then to the coating place.
(Ⅷ) After get off work, turn off the power and clean carefully to ensure that the workshop is tidy.
(IX) Add manganese iron phosphate and zinc nitrate to the phosphating tank at a ratio of 1:2, the waste potassium dichromate in the passivation tank should be treated in a centralized manner, and the saponification tank should be frequently supplemented with soap flakes or triethyl oleic acid soap.
(Ⅹ) If passivation is not required, the operating procedure Ⅵ can be omitted.
(Ⅺ) The interval between sandblasting, shot blasting and phosphating of the spring before phosphating shall not exceed 4 hours. After cleaning, the spring must be placed in a clean material frame.
(3) Phosphating quality inspection method
(Ⅰ) Soaking method
3% sodium chloride NaCl, temperature 15～25℃, immersion for 2 hours without rust is qualified.
(Ⅱ) One drop method
Copper sulfate CuSO20.5N 40 mg Sodium chloride Nacl 10% 20 mg, sulfuric acid. 0.1N0.8 mg.
The longer the yellowing time after instillation, the better the quality, and the one that does not change color within 3 minutes is qualified.
(Ⅲ) The second drip method
Copper sulfate CuSO4, SH20 66 g/l, sodium chloride NaCL 32.5 g/l, hydrochloric acid HCL 1:10 1.2 g/l, instillation for more than 3 minutes without yellowing is qualified.
(Ⅳ) Soaking method
Copper sulfate 5% solution, no yellow on the surface of the workpiece after immersion for 1 minute is qualified.
While inspecting the phosphating quality of the workpiece, the total acidity, free acid, and acid radical parameters of the phosphating bath must be regularly tested to ensure the daily phosphating quality of the workpiece.